CCNA Study Guide Chapter 8

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Configure, verify and troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications.

l  Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect switches to other network devices and hosts

l  Explain the technology and media access control method for Ethernet networks

l  Explain network segmentation and basic traffic management concepts

l  Explain basic switching concepts and the operation of Cisco switches

l  Perform and verify initial switch configuration tasks including remote access management

l  Verify network status and switch operation using basic utilities (including: ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH, arp, ipconfig), SHOW & DEBUG commands

l      Identify, prescribe, and resolve common switched network media issues, configuration issues, auto negotiation, and switch hardware failures

China urges U.S. to curb “odious conduct” of anti-China lawmakers

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in China, News by

BEIJING, July 31 (Xinhua) — The U.S. side should curb the “odious conduct” of a handful of anti-China lawmakers, said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao here on Thursday.

Liu made the remarks when commenting on a resolution passed by the U.S. House of Representatives, which citing the “Olympic traditions of freedom and openness,” criticized China on human rights issues and asked the Chinese Government to stop supporting the governments of Sudan and Myanmar.

The House of Representatives passed the resolution proposed by a handful of anti-China lawmakers against China’s firm opposition. This disclosed their malicious intention to politicize the Olympic Games, and interrupt and sabotage the Beijing Olympic Games, Liu said.

He noted such a deed itself is blasphemy to the Olympic spirit, and is against the common wishes of people all around the world, including people in the United States. China has made solemn representations to the U.S. administration and Congress, urging the U.S. side to concretely curb the “odious conduct” of a handful of anti-China lawmakers.

Liu said to hold a successful Olympic Games is the dream of the Chinese people for many years, as well as the common expectation of people across the world. We firmly believe that the Beijing Olympic Games will become a great world sports event with the joint efforts and support of the big Olympic family.

We advise those anti-China lawmakers in the U.S. Congress to see clearly the situation and change their course so as to avoid further harming their own images, Liu said.

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 7

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices.

l  Access and utilize the router to set basic parameters.(including: CLI/SDM)

l  Connect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface

l  Verify device configuration and network connectivity using ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH or other utilities

l  Perform and verify routing configuration tasks for a static or default route given specific routing requirements

l  Compare and contrast methods of routing and routing protocols

l  Configure, verify, and troubleshoot OSPF

l  Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP

l  Verify network connectivity (including: using ping, traceroute, and telnet or SSH)

l  Troubleshoot routing issues

l  Verify router hardware and software operation using SHOW & DEBUG commands.

l  Implement basic router security

Six new white lion cubs debut in Britain

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News, World by

In this undated handout image. Keepers unveil six white lion cubs, born to the UK’s only pride of the rare animals, at West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley,England, Monday, July 28, 2008. The cubs, born to two different mothers, take the number of white lions at West Midland Safari Park in Worcestershire to 19 - thought to be the world’s largest pride of pure-bred white lions in captivity. (Photo source: www.china.com.cn)

The cubs are playing. (Photo source: www.china.com.cn)

The cub are playing with the adult white lion.(Photo source: www.china.com.cn)

The cub are playing with the adult white lions.(Photo source: www.china.com.cn)

The cubs are playing.(Photo source: www.china.com.cn)

In this undated handout image. Keepers unveil six white lion cubs, born to the UK’s only pride of the rare animals, at West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley,England, Monday, July 28, 2008. The cubs, born to two different mothers, take the number of white lions at West Midland Safari Park in Worcestershire to 19 - thought to be the world’s largest pride of pure-bred white lions in captivity.

Olmert announces not to run in Kadima primary

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News, World by

Israel’s Prime Minister Ehud Olmert gives a speech during a graduation ceremony of the National Security College in Jerusalem July, 2008.(Xinhua/Reuters Photo)

JERUSALEM, July 30 (Xinhua) — Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said Wednesday he has decided not to contend in the Kadima primary and would resign as soon as the new party leader was chosen, due to the criminal investigations embroiled him in recen tmonths.

Olmert made the announcement in a statement to the public from his official residence in Jerusalem on Wednesday evening.

Olmert began the unexpected address by saying that despite having been beset by investigations during his tenure, he has improved the situation in Israel and continues to believe that peace is the most important track for the country.

The prime minister said as long as he is in power, he would work toward this goal of peace.

“I am proud to be the prime minister of a country that investigates its prime ministers,” he said, adding that, “The prime minister is not above the law, but he is in no way below it.”

The primary election of the ruling Kadima party is set for Sept.17.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in Cisco by

What is DHCP?

DHCP is a TCP/IP protocol that enables hosts (for example, diskless workstations or mobile users) to obtain temporary IP addresses (out of a pool) from centrally-administered servers. The host runs the DHCP server, and the workstation runs the DHCP client.

Clients broadcast a message to locate a DHCP server, which responds with the:

  • IP Address, which is valid for a period of time specified by the administrator of the DHCP server.
  • Subnet Bit Mask.
  • Default Gateway.
  • Optional DNS Servers.
  • Duration for which the IP address assignment is valid

DHCP is flexible so that other information can also be stored and retrieved. A shortcoming is that there is currently no way to update Domain Name Servers with the new IP address for a user’s DNS name (DNS names remain permanently assigned to hosts). Since important destination machines (such as servers) would use permanently assigned IP addresses, this should not be a big problem (until a solution is standardized).

Example Configuration

In many ways, DHCP is quite similar to RADIUS (Remote Authenticat Dial-In User System), which assigns a user their IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS Servers. The primary difference is in the authentication. Authentication for RADIUS is handled by a username/password pair, while the only authentication system that DHCP supports is through MAC Address filtering.

The VPEC network runs the Internet Software Consortium DHCP Server to handle the granting of IP addresses to all workstations and laptops on the network. This software, while it runs on a UNIX system, is similar in configuration to many other DHCP systems, including Microsoft’s.

 

Here’s the basic configuration for the desktop workstations:

subnet 209.39.6.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 209.39.6.129 209.39.6.254;
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 209.39.6.255;
  option routers 209.39.6.1;
  option domain-name-servers 209.39.6.4, 209.39.6.5;
  option domain-name "training.verio.net";
  default-lease-time 2592000;
  max-lease-time 2592000;
}

This defines a pool of IP’s (209.39.6.129 - 209.39.6.254) that workstations will be assigned for 2592000 seconds at a time.

 

However, if we want to provide the same IP address for a computer everytime it logs on, then we can define the MAC address for the computer into the DHCP server configuration as follows:

host rnejdl {
  # Static IP for Rusty
  hardware ethernet 00:50:04:DF:1A:4C;
  fixed-address 209.39.6.32;
  option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
  option broadcast-address 209.39.6.255;
  option routers 209.39.6.1;
  option domain-name-servers 129.250.35.250, 129.250.35.251;
  option domain-name "training.verio.com";
}

By using this same configuration for more than one computer, we can provide a static IP to trusted workstations.

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 6

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Describe how a network works.

l  Determine the path between two hosts across a network

Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices.

l  Describe basic routing concepts (including: packet forwarding, router lookup process)

l  Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RIPv2

l  Access and utilize the router to set basic parameters.(including: CLI/SDM)

l  Connect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface

l  Verify device configuration and network connectivity using ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH or other utilities

l  Perform and verify routing configuration tasks for a static or default route given specific routing requirements

l  Compare and contrast methods of routing and routing protocols

l  Configure, verify, and troubleshoot OSPF

l  Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP

l  Verify network connectivity (including: using ping, traceroute, and telnet or SSH)

l  Troubleshoot routing issues

l  Verify router hardware and software operation using SHOW & DEBUG commands.

l  Implement basic router security

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 5

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices

l  Manage IOS configuration files. (including: save, edit, upgrade, restore)

l  Manage Cisco IOS

l  Verify network connectivity (including: using ping, traceroute, and telnet or SSH)

Beijing ready and calm at 10-day countdown

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News by

Workers walk past the National Olympic Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, at the Olympic Green in Beijing July 29, 2008. [Agencies]

Beijing finally cooled on Tuesday as a brief heavy shower embraced the city around noon after a hot and humid week.

The rain, though lasting only 10 minutes, will hopefully help restore confidence in the city’s air quality, according to Guo Hu, Beijing Meteorological Observatory director.

“The rare lack of rain and wind to blow away accumulated emissions contributed to the city’s substandard air quality,” he said, admitting a number of days had failed to meet the local standard for good air quality despite the capital’s car control measures.

“The temperature and humidity will gradually drop and we will have better air quality and more comfortable weather in August.”

His confidence was shared by many as the city goes through every detail to fulfill the dream of billions on its 10-day countdown to the August Olympics.

Chinese Athletes Eyeing First Gold

With the Beijing Olympic Games around the corner, eager Chinese are crossing fingers for a gold spree on home soil. Du Li, a gold medal winner in the women’s 10-meter air rifle at the 2004 Athens Olympics, bears the expectation of millions to score the Game’s first win.

The 26-year-old, who established a new world record for women’s10-meter air rifle in 2003 just one year after she entered the national team, further impressed the world the following year with her Athens victory.

However, the native of the eastern Shandong Province has struggled of late.

During three World Cup events this year, Du pocketed only one gold medal in the 50-meter rifle three positions, rather than in her speciality event, the 10-meter air rifle. Her second best result was a fourth.

The so-called home advantage at the upcoming Games may turn into a disadvantage for Du in defending as applause and spectators’ cheers might add burden in a sport where psychological stability is most important.

Despite the difficulties, Du is eager for a good result. “Maybe this is the only chance for me to compete in the Olympic Games hosted by my own country.”

Wang Yifu, the national shooting team head coach, said, “The main focus of the shooters at this point of time is the adjustment of their psychological status rather than refining technical skills.”

Du and her teammates will leave for the Olympic Village on August 3.

Olympic Village in Operation

The Olympic Village officially opened its gates on Sunday. By July 28, delegations and advance teams from more than 70 countries had arrived at the 66-hectare complex.

From Italian lasagna to Beijing roast duck to kosher foods, athletes from more than 200 countries and regions may find their favorite home foods in the village.

The diversity of meals, divided into different zones including Chinese, Asian, international and Mediterranean, underlines the meticulous preparation in the village that houses about 16,000 athletes, coaches and their entourages.

“The food here tastes very good and there are many entertaining facilities, including Internet bars,” 20-year-old Hector Fuentes told Xinhua. The Cuban triple jumper, participating in his first Olympics, said the village had gone beyond his expectation.

Deng Yaping, the Olympic Village deputy director, said the facilities are “a place where the athletes can unwind and get to know Chinese culture. We want to give them a full experience with Chinese culture.”

The table tennis legend, a winner of four Olympic gold medals, said the priority work at the village for the next 10 days was the reception of athletes from around the world.

“All sport delegations will arrive at the village before the Games start. The village is now in 24-hour operation to accommodate the guests. We will try to make every operation as smooth as possible,” she said.

Ten Days to Perfection

A grand show will be held at 8 pm on Tuesday by the China Central Television to mark the 10-day countdown to the Beijing Games.

While the content of the Olympics’ opening ceremony remains a guarded secret, organizers are planning to stage three dress rehearsals over the next 10 days to ensure a grand show for a live audience of 91,000.

The first full dress rehearsal of the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games was held, in secret, at the National Stadium on July 16.

Wang Chaoge, a director of the ceremony, disclosed the elements of “Sichuan” and “Wenchuan” will be embodied in tribute to the Chinese spirit manifested after the devastating May 12 earthquake that hit the southwest Sichuan Province.

He said the biggest headache for the organizers of the ceremonies was the weather, for “rain would cause delays in the progress of the event, as it would dampen performers’ costumes and props.”

But Beijing’s meteorological departments said earlier that should there be any unfavorable weather, experts might artificially change it.

Chen Zhenlin, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) vice director, said on July 15 that meteorologists have made preparations for artificial weather modification since 2003, especially on reducing rainfall, but admitted the technology had limitations.

“Artificial weather modification could be useful when a drizzle occurs,” he said. “But in case of a heavy rainfall, no one can help.”

Weather statistics from 1951 to 2007 show there was a 47 percent chance of drizzle on Aug. 8. But the possibility of heavy rain was slim, he said, adding the analysis of historical data was by no means an official weather forecast.

According to meteorologist Guo Hu, the Games opening on Aug. 8 is one day after the first day of autumn on the Chinese lunar calendar. It is expected to be less humid.

“The temperature and humidity will gradually drop and we will have better air quality and more comfortable weather in August.”

Beijing Olympics press centers inaugurated

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News by

 

Journalists and visitors stand outside the Beijing Olympics Main Press Centre (MPC) during its opening in Beijing, July 8, 2008. After three years of construction, the Main Press Center (MPC) and International Broadcasting Center (IBC) of the Beijing Olympic Games were inaugurated on Tuesday, kicking off the media service for the event, which is expected to draw 30,000 foreign media people.The Main Press Centre (MPC) is the central work place for the 5,600 accredited written and photographic press covering the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, providing 24-hour services and facilities, news and information. It’s also the headquarters of BOCOG’s Press Operations and will serve as the MPC for the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games. (Xinhua Photo)

Volunteers at the Language Help Desk receive an interview at the Beijing Olympics Main Press Centre during its opening in Beijing, July 8, 2008. (Xinhua Photo)

Journalists visit the media internet cafe at Beijing Olympics Main Press Center (MPC) during its opening in Beijing, July 8, 2008. (Xinhua Photo)

visit the post office inside Beijing Olympics Main Press Center (MPC) during its opening in Beijing, July 8, 2008. (Xinhua Photo)

Photo taken on July 8, 2008 shows the International Broadcast Center (IBC) in Beijing, China. The Main Press Center (MPC) and IBC of the Beijing Olympic Games were opened on Tuesday, kicking off the media service for the event, which is expected to draw 30,000 foreign media people. The IBC, who would distribute TV and radio signals of the Beijing Olympic Games to broadcast organs, started to provide 14-hour services and facilities, news and information since July 8 before the 24-hour operation starts on July 25. (Xinhua Photo)

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 4

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

l  Configure, verify and troubleshoot DHCP and DNS operation on a router.(including: CLI/SDM)

Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices.

l  Describe the operation of Cisco routers (including: router bootup process, POST, router components)

l  Access and utilize the router to set basic parameters.(including: CLI/SDM)

l  Connect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface

l  Verify device configuration and network connectivity using ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH or other utilities

l  Verify network connectivity (including: using ping, traceroute, and telnet or SSH)

l  Troubleshoot routing issues

l  Verify router hardware and software operation using SHOW & DEBUG commands.

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 3

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Service to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

l  Describe the operation and benefits of using private and public IP addressing

l  Implement static and dynamic addressing services for hosts in a LAN environment

l  Calculate and apply an addressing scheme including VLSM IP addressing design to a network

l  Determine the appropriate classless addressing scheme using VLSM and summarization to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment

l  Identify and correct common problems associated with IP addressing and host configurations

Describe how a network works.

l  Interpret network diagrams

Cisco Show Interface Reference

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in Cisco by
a04.irvnca01.us.ra#sh int Serial3/0/23:0
Serial3/0/23:0 is up, line protocol is up
  Hardware is PA-MC-2T3+
  Description: SDA Freight Data Corporation T1 CIR/CT3 (sdafda)75hcre000944-001
  Internet address is 207.199.99.137/30
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 256 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
  Encapsulation PPP, crc 16, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  LCP Open
  Open: IPCP, CDPCP
  Last input 00:00:03, output 00:01:08, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: weighted fair
  Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
     Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
     Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     20950 packets input, 1992090 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 1 abort
     31524 packets output, 10804297 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
     0 carrier transitions no alarm present
  Timeslot(s) Used: 1-4, subrate: 256Kb/s, transmit delay is 0 flags
  non-inverted data

 

First Spanish Olympians leave for Beijing

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News by

MADRID? July 30 (Xinhua) — The first Spanish competitors for the Olympic Games flew out from Madrid’s Barajas airport on Wednesday for Beijing.

The group consisted of the women’s basketball team? the handball team?boxers? gymnasts? water polo players? archers? sailors and canoeists? amongothers.

The second batch of competitors will leave next Wednesday. Among them is women’s 1?500 meters runner Natalia Rodriguez? who booked her ticket at the lastminute.

Rodriguez qualified for the Olympics with a performance of 4.03?68 in Monaco and will now be added to the athletics squad which was presented to the press in Madrid on Tuesday.

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 2

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Describe how a network works

Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP models

Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

Describe the operation and benefits of using private and public IP addressing

Identify and correct common network problems at layers 1, 2, 3 and 7 using a layered model approach

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 1

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Describe how a network works

Describe the purpose and functions of various network devices

Select the components required to meet a network specification

Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated protocols to explain how data flows in a network

Describe common networked applications including web applications

Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP models

Describe the impact of applications (Voice Over IP and Video Over IP) on a network

Interpret network diagrams

Describe the components required for network and Internet communications

Identify and correct common network problems at layers 1, 2, 3 and 7 using a layered model approach

Differentiate between LAN/WAN operation and features

Configure, verify and troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications

Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect switches to other network devices and hosts

Explain the technology and media access control method for Ethernet networks

Explain network segmentation and basic traffic management concepts

Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

Explain the operation and benefits of using DHCP and DNS

Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices

Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect routers to other network devices and hosts

The Six Key Steps to Healthy Finances in Your Relationship

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in Life by

If you’ve ever been in a relationship for very long, especially if you were married or living together, I can almost guarantee that you’ve had a money fight.

One of the biggest causes of problems in relationships is differences in values and goals and habits when it comes to money, and especially communication about money issues.

Money can’t buy you love, but it sure can tear it apart.

And while I can’t claim that my wife and I are perfect when it comes to money and relationships, I can say that we’ve come a long way, and we rarely ever have money disagreements anymore. It wasn’t always that way, and we’ve had our share of fights along the way, but we’re in a much more solid relationship these days because we learned how to talk about money, and how to align our financial goals.

That’s the crux of this post, in two simple steps: learn how to talk about money, and learn to align your financial goals. If you can do those two things, you’ve done more than most couples, and you’ve done a lot to keep your relationship on solid ground.

Penn State DTs Baker, Taylor kicked off team

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News by

STATE COLLEGE, Pa. - Penn State defensive tackles Chris Baker and Phil Taylor, who were involved in off-field fights last year, have been kicked off the team by coach Joe Paterno.

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Team spokesman Jeff Nelson said Wednesday no information was available on why they were dismissed.

Baker and Taylor were disciplined by the school and Paterno for the fights last year.

Baker was sentenced to two years’ probation in Centre County court in May for his role in two separate fights. He was allowed to work out with the team.

Taylor was sentenced to one year of probation for his role in a campus fight. He was not scheduled to rejoin the Nittany Lions until Aug. 16.

2,100-year-old gadget tracked Olympics

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News by

ATHENS, Greece - An astronomical calculator, considered a technological marvel of antiquity, was also used to track dates of the ancient Olympic games, researchers have found.

Experts from Britain, Greece and the United States said they have detected the word “Olympia” on a bronze dial, as well as the names of other games in ancient Greece on the device known as the Antikythera Mechanism.

Their findings will be reported Thursday in the British science journal Nature.

The 2,100-year-old Antikythera Mechanism was recovered from an ancient shipwreck in 1901 near Antikythera, a small island off Greece’s south coast.

Its insides look like a clock. About 30 bronze gears were cranked to calculate phases of the moon, eclipses and other celestial information specific to a certain date. Results were displayed on dials on the front and back of the mechanism.

Most workings of the device only came to light with recent advances in scanning technology and computer processing power.

In 2005, an X-ray tomography machine was brought from Britain to the National Archaeological museum of Athens, which houses the device’s corroded and sediment-encrusted remains. Researchers soon found the gear structure — including the number of teeth cut into the wheels — corresponded to known theories of celestial cycles.

Nonaligned countries back Iran’s nuclear program

Posted on July 31st, 2008 in News by

TEHRAN, Iran - More than 100 nonaligned nations backed Iran’s right to peaceful uses of nuclear power on Wednesday, an endorsement sought by Tehran in its standoff with the U.N. Security Council over its refusal to freeze uranium enrichment.

The decision came as supreme Iranian leader Ayatolla Ali Khamenei pledged to continue the country’s nuclear program.
Senior Iranian officials depicted the support from a high-level conference of the Nonaligned Movement as deflating claims by the U.S. and its allies that most of the international community wanted Iran to stop enrichment.

The conference’s backing, which echoes the group’s previous declarations, acts to “remove this notion that the international community opposes the nuclear activities of Iran,” said Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki.

Ali Ashgar Soltanieh, Iran’s top representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency, said the endorsement from the 115 countries present at the Tehran conference sends a “strong positive signal that the only way is negotiation and dialogue” over the nuclear standoff.

“Get the message,” he said, in blunt comments indirectly aimed at the U.S. and its Western allies, the nations at the forefront of accusations that Tehran wants to build nuclear arms. “Come to the negotiating table.”

Support was expressed in a three-page declaration in Farsi, translated by The Associated Press. It said the conference “reaffirmed the basic and inalienable right of all states, to develop research, production and use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes.”

The West is seeking an agreement for Iran to curb uranium enrichment, a process that can be use to generate nuclear power or build a weapon.

The U.S. and its allies say Iran is seeking to develop nuclear weapons, while Iran maintains its program is aimed at harnessing nuclear energy. The Security Council has slapped three sets of sanctions on the Islamic Republic. And a fourth set looms.

Only days remain until a deadline expires for Tehran to show it will stop expanding its enrichment program, at least temporarily, or face the threat of new U.N. sanctions.

The offer is meant to create space for the start of in-depth negotiations that the West hopes will end in Iran agreeing to permanently mothball its enrichment program in exchange for a package of economic and political concessions.

But there was no sign Wednesday that Tehran was willing to bend.

Khamenei said that backing down on enrichment in the face of “arrogant powers” would only benefit those six nations — the United States, Russia, China, France, Britain and Germany.

That message was enforced later both by Mottaki, the foreign minister and Soltanieh, Iran’s chief IAEA representative.

“We are not giving up our nuclear activities, including enrichment,” Soltanieh said.

The Nonaligned Movement is made up of such diverse members as communist Cuba, Jamaica and India, but most members share a critical view of the U.S and the developed world in general.

In a keynote speech Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said, “The big powers are going down. “They have come to the end of their power, and the world is on the verge of entering a new, promising era.”

A separate closing document took the International Criminal Court’s prosecutor to task for indicting Sudanese leader Omar al-Bashir by an international prosecutor on charges of genocide in Darfur. It also harshly criticized Israel on a broad range of issues. Iran assumed the chairmanship of the conference this week.

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