CCNA Study Guide Chapter 12

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Explain and select the appropriate administrative tasks required for a WLAN.
lDescribe standards associated with wireless media (including: IEEE WI-FI Alliance, ITU/FCC)
lIdentify and describe the purpose of the components in a small wireless network. (Including: SSID, BSS, ESS)
lIdentify the basic parameters to configure on a wireless network to ensure that devices connect to the correct access point
lCompare and contrast wireless security features and capabilities of WPA security (including: open, WEP, WPA-1/2)
lIdentify common issues with implementing wireless networks. (Including: Interface, Miss configuration)

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 11

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Implement, verify, and troubleshoot NAT and ACLs in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

l  Explain the basic operation of NAT

l  Configure NAT for given network requirements using (including: CLI/SDM)

l  Troubleshoot NAT issues

Helpful Information for Cisco Exam 350-001

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in 350-001, CCIE, Cisco, PASS4SIDE by

This article provides helpful information for you to prepare for Cisco exam 350-001, the CCIE Written exam. The CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert) certification has historically been the most valued in the area of networking. There are two steps to achieve this valued certification:

A 100 question written test, which this Cramsession will help to prepare you for
And an intense lab exam, which will test the limits of your technical knowledge
I?ve compiled a list of study suggestions for 350-001 that you might find useful:

Print out a copy of the exam 350-001 blueprint from the Cisco website. Use this as the basis of your notes, and don?t consider yourself ready for the exam until you are completely comfortable with ALL the topics on the list. The blueprint changes occasionally, but the current version can be found at: Written Exam Blueprint v3.0
Buy a few books. This seems simple enough, but I?ve found there are two types of books lists for the CCIE? - those for the lab and those for the written. They?re not the same. For our purposes here, there are two things we want to accomplish with our reading: to quickly get the written out of the way to start the long road to the lab; and to try as much as possible to conserve money and time by finding and reading materials that are applicable to both.
Download sample exams. There are several available, but regardless of which vendor?s questions you choose, take advantage of a significant pool of questions, and select products by different authors. The subject matter for this exam is broad, and you want a good selection of material to study from.
Certay is the online Certification Expert, which provide  Pass4side the real questions and correct answers since 2003.

Beijing 798 art zone

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in PASS4SIDE by

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

The 798 art district is located in the eastern Dashanzi neighborhood in Beijing. For anyone serious about contemporary art, a pilgrimage to 798 (also known as Dashanzi Art District) is a must.

Constructed in the 1950s, this compound was a joint venture between East Germany and China, accounting for the Bauhaus aesthetic of its structures. After years of decline, these factories got a new lease on life when Central Academy of Fine Arts professors rented them out as studios in the early 2000s. Artists and other creative organizations followed. As early as 2004, the area boasted 100 art galleries, and two years later, Factory 798 was deemed an official “art and culture district.”

If you tire of Olympic fever and can’t stomach sites jammed with flag-waving throngs of tourists, don’t despair. The factory zone has now been transformed into a bohemian oasis with dozens of galleries, a smattering of cafes, book stores, outdoor sculptures, and lots of bemusing graffiti splashed on the old factory walls.

The Legendary 5 Minute Courses—Subnetting

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in PASS4SIDE by
Do you think Subnetting is a beast?
Do you think you have to be Superbrain to understand it?

You are wrong!

Here the step-by-step course.
After reading and some self-training, you should be able to fix Subnetting-Questions in CCNA Exam
without any problems in a snatch.
Relax!

What is a Subnetmask?

With Subnetmasks, we can divide an IP-Address in network-part and in host-part.
A given IP-Network can be divided in smaller parts. Each of this smaller parts is called a “Subnet”.

If we for example have the network

192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
We have here ONE Class C - network, with 253 useable IPs for Client-PCs.

The useable IP Range of this network is

192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.254

The very last IP of each Subnet is called Broadcast-Address.
This address is in that example 192.168.10.255 and its NOT useable for host-pcs.

If we want to divide this network in two parts, we must use subnetting.

With Subnetmask 255.255.255.128 we would divide the network in two parts.

192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.127

192.168.10.128 - 192.168.10.255

So in this example, BEFORE we had one big Network.
With the change of the Subnetmask we did divide it in two smaller networks.

First with Subnetmask 255.255.255.0 we had THIS network:
192.168.10.0 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.1
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.3
192.168.10.4
192.168.10.5
…
…
…
192.168.10.253
192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

Now with Subnetmask 255.255.255.128 we have THIS two networks:

First Subnet:

192.168.10.0 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.1
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.3
192.168.10.4
192.168.10.5
…
…
…
192.168.10.125
192.168.10.126
192.168.10.127 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

Second Subnet:

192.168.10.128 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.129
192.168.10.130
192.168.10.131
192.168.10..132
192.168.10.133
…
…
…
192.168.10.253
192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

The Subnetmask defines how big the subnet is.
That means - how many Client-PCs will have place in that subnetwork.

A Subnetmask of 255.255.255.0 means in binary

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

So, what do we see?

4 Blocks, divided with a “.”. Each of these blocks is also called “octett”. Because - each Block has 8 bits.

To be able to do subnet-calculation, we first must understand binary calculation.

Lets take the first block.

The first “1″ stands for a 128.

The second “1″ stands for a 64.

The third “1″ stands for a 32.

The fourth “1″ stands for a 16.

The fifth “1″ stands for a 8.

And so on. That means:

11111111=255

11110000=240

11100000=224

If we see something like “/24″, that means that 24 bits are set to “1″, from the left side.

Examples:

/16 = 255.255.0.0 = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

/20 = 255.255.240.0 = 11111111.11111111.11110000

If we would take a subnetmask of 255.255.255.255 that would be

128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.
128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1

and in binary it would be

11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

Calculation of Subnetmask big enough for a specified number of Hosts

If they ask..

“create a subnet with minimum 10 host IPs”

than

1. calculate a power of two, that is minimum 10

2^3=8. That is not enough
2^4=16 That is higher than 10. Good.

2. Now put the LAST 4 Bits of your subnetmask to 0.

11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000

That is in decimal

255.255.255.240

With THIS Subnetmask, you have minimum 10 Host-Ips in the Subnet, without wasting to much IP-Addresses.

————————————————————
Other example

If they ask

Create a subnet with minimum 70 Host-IPs

1. Calculate a Power of 2 that is MINIMUM 70

2^6=64. Not enough.
2^7=128. Thats higher than 70. Good.

2. Put the LAST 7 Bits of your Subnetmask to 0.

11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

That is in decimal

255.255.255.128

You have a Subnetmask, with more than 70 Host-IPs.

Look here, for some step by step examples, how to calculate subnets..

http://www.sadikhov.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=44874

————————————————————————-

Calculation what is the Broadcast-IP of a Subnet

When they ask
“There is subnet 172.16.64.0/20. What is the BROADCAST ADDRESS of that Subnet, dude?”

1. Step

/20 meens 255.255.240.0

2. Step

Now analyze the Subnet Oktett to find out the “network-jumps”

240 means 11110000

The LAST of the 1s is under decimal 16. That are our “network jumps”
(128/64/32/16/8/4/2/1)
3. Step

Write down the network-jumps

172.16.64.0 - 172.16.79.255
+16 172.16.80.0 - 172.16.95.255
+16 172.16.96.0 - 172.16.111.255
+16 172.16.112.0 - 172.16.127.255

Because the NEXT Subnet in the example is 172.16.80.0, the broadcast must be 172.16.79.255, cause THAT is the IP BEFORE the next Subnet starts = the BroadcastAddress.

————————

Other example of Broadcast-IP calculation:

If it would be 172.16.64.0 /26

Same procedure

/26 means 255.255.255.192

192 is binary 11000000
The LAST 1 stands under the 64. That are in that example our “net-jumps”.

172.16.64.0 - 172.16.64.63 <<<in this example THIS is the broadcastaddress of first subnet
172.16.64.64 - 172.16.64.127
172.16.64.128 - 172.16.64.191

———————————————————————

Calculating first and last possible IP for a Host

You have Network 192.168.20.32 /27
The very first IP is reserved for Default Gateway!
What is the first and last valid IP for a Host-PC?

1.Step

/27 is 255.255.255.224

2.Step

224 means 11100000

The LAST 1 is under the 32. That are our “network-jumps” in this example
(128/64/32/16/8/4/2/1)

Valid IPs in that subnet:
192.168.20.33 - 192.168.20.62
(192.168.20.63 is NOT useable, this is the very last IP and so the BROADCAST-IP).
192.168.20.64 <<<this is the network-IP of the NEXT Subnet!

So, because the very first IP is reserved for Default Gateway, our first Host-PC IP would be
192.168.20.34
The very last Host-PC IP would be
192.168.20.62

###################################################################

Here some examples of real exam questions, and step by step solutions:

Given that you have a class B IP address network range, which of the subnet masks
below will allow for 100 subnets with 500 usable host addresses per subnet?
A. 255.255.0.0
B. 255.255.224.0
C. 255.255.254.0
D. 255.255.255.0
E. 255.255.255.224

Solution:

Allways the same game… Like in 5 minute course..

Power of 2 that is minimum 500?
2^7=128
2^8=256
2^9=512 >>voila!

Now - put the last 9 Bits of your Subnetmask to “0″

11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000

That is in decimal
255.255.254.0

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