CCNA Study Guide Chapter 12

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Explain and select the appropriate administrative tasks required for a WLAN.
lDescribe standards associated with wireless media (including: IEEE WI-FI Alliance, ITU/FCC)
lIdentify and describe the purpose of the components in a small wireless network. (Including: SSID, BSS, ESS)
lIdentify the basic parameters to configure on a wireless network to ensure that devices connect to the correct access point
lCompare and contrast wireless security features and capabilities of WPA security (including: open, WEP, WPA-1/2)
lIdentify common issues with implementing wireless networks. (Including: Interface, Miss configuration)

CCNA Study Guide Chapter 11

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in CCNA, Cisco by

Implement, verify, and troubleshoot NAT and ACLs in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

l  Explain the basic operation of NAT

l  Configure NAT for given network requirements using (including: CLI/SDM)

l  Troubleshoot NAT issues

Helpful Information for Cisco Exam 350-001

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in 350-001, CCIE, Cisco, PASS4SIDE by

This article provides helpful information for you to prepare for Cisco exam 350-001, the CCIE Written exam. The CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert) certification has historically been the most valued in the area of networking. There are two steps to achieve this valued certification:

A 100 question written test, which this Cramsession will help to prepare you for
And an intense lab exam, which will test the limits of your technical knowledge
I?ve compiled a list of study suggestions for 350-001 that you might find useful:

Print out a copy of the exam 350-001 blueprint from the Cisco website. Use this as the basis of your notes, and don?t consider yourself ready for the exam until you are completely comfortable with ALL the topics on the list. The blueprint changes occasionally, but the current version can be found at: Written Exam Blueprint v3.0
Buy a few books. This seems simple enough, but I?ve found there are two types of books lists for the CCIE? - those for the lab and those for the written. They?re not the same. For our purposes here, there are two things we want to accomplish with our reading: to quickly get the written out of the way to start the long road to the lab; and to try as much as possible to conserve money and time by finding and reading materials that are applicable to both.
Download sample exams. There are several available, but regardless of which vendor?s questions you choose, take advantage of a significant pool of questions, and select products by different authors. The subject matter for this exam is broad, and you want a good selection of material to study from.
Certay is the online Certification Expert, which provide  Pass4side the real questions and correct answers since 2003.

Beijing 798 art zone

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in PASS4SIDE by

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

(Photo: Sina.com)

The 798 art district is located in the eastern Dashanzi neighborhood in Beijing. For anyone serious about contemporary art, a pilgrimage to 798 (also known as Dashanzi Art District) is a must.

Constructed in the 1950s, this compound was a joint venture between East Germany and China, accounting for the Bauhaus aesthetic of its structures. After years of decline, these factories got a new lease on life when Central Academy of Fine Arts professors rented them out as studios in the early 2000s. Artists and other creative organizations followed. As early as 2004, the area boasted 100 art galleries, and two years later, Factory 798 was deemed an official “art and culture district.”

If you tire of Olympic fever and can’t stomach sites jammed with flag-waving throngs of tourists, don’t despair. The factory zone has now been transformed into a bohemian oasis with dozens of galleries, a smattering of cafes, book stores, outdoor sculptures, and lots of bemusing graffiti splashed on the old factory walls.

The Legendary 5 Minute Courses—Subnetting

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in PASS4SIDE by
Do you think Subnetting is a beast?
Do you think you have to be Superbrain to understand it?

You are wrong!

Here the step-by-step course.
After reading and some self-training, you should be able to fix Subnetting-Questions in CCNA Exam
without any problems in a snatch.
Relax!

What is a Subnetmask?

With Subnetmasks, we can divide an IP-Address in network-part and in host-part.
A given IP-Network can be divided in smaller parts. Each of this smaller parts is called a “Subnet”.

If we for example have the network

192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
We have here ONE Class C - network, with 253 useable IPs for Client-PCs.

The useable IP Range of this network is

192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.254

The very last IP of each Subnet is called Broadcast-Address.
This address is in that example 192.168.10.255 and its NOT useable for host-pcs.

If we want to divide this network in two parts, we must use subnetting.

With Subnetmask 255.255.255.128 we would divide the network in two parts.

192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.127

192.168.10.128 - 192.168.10.255

So in this example, BEFORE we had one big Network.
With the change of the Subnetmask we did divide it in two smaller networks.

First with Subnetmask 255.255.255.0 we had THIS network:
192.168.10.0 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.1
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.3
192.168.10.4
192.168.10.5



192.168.10.253
192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

Now with Subnetmask 255.255.255.128 we have THIS two networks:

First Subnet:

192.168.10.0 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.1
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.3
192.168.10.4
192.168.10.5



192.168.10.125
192.168.10.126
192.168.10.127 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

Second Subnet:

192.168.10.128 >>> This is the “Network-IP” which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

192.168.10.129
192.168.10.130
192.168.10.131
192.168.10..132
192.168.10.133



192.168.10.253
192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255 >>>This is the Broadcast-IP, which is NOT useable for Host-PCs

The Subnetmask defines how big the subnet is.
That means - how many Client-PCs will have place in that subnetwork.

A Subnetmask of 255.255.255.0 means in binary

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

So, what do we see?

4 Blocks, divided with a “.”. Each of these blocks is also called “octett”. Because - each Block has 8 bits.

To be able to do subnet-calculation, we first must understand binary calculation.

Lets take the first block.

The first “1″ stands for a 128.

The second “1″ stands for a 64.

The third “1″ stands for a 32.

The fourth “1″ stands for a 16.

The fifth “1″ stands for a 8.

And so on. That means:

11111111=255

11110000=240

11100000=224

If we see something like “/24″, that means that 24 bits are set to “1″, from the left side.

Examples:

/16 = 255.255.0.0 = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

/20 = 255.255.240.0 = 11111111.11111111.11110000

If we would take a subnetmask of 255.255.255.255 that would be

128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1.
128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1

and in binary it would be

11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111

Calculation of Subnetmask big enough for a specified number of Hosts

If they ask..

“create a subnet with minimum 10 host IPs”

than

1. calculate a power of two, that is minimum 10

2^3=8. That is not enough
2^4=16 That is higher than 10. Good.

2. Now put the LAST 4 Bits of your subnetmask to 0.

11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000

That is in decimal

255.255.255.240

With THIS Subnetmask, you have minimum 10 Host-Ips in the Subnet, without wasting to much IP-Addresses.

————————————————————
Other example

If they ask

Create a subnet with minimum 70 Host-IPs

1. Calculate a Power of 2 that is MINIMUM 70

2^6=64. Not enough.
2^7=128. Thats higher than 70. Good.

2. Put the LAST 7 Bits of your Subnetmask to 0.

11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

That is in decimal

255.255.255.128

You have a Subnetmask, with more than 70 Host-IPs.

Look here, for some step by step examples, how to calculate subnets..

http://www.sadikhov.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=44874

————————————————————————-

Calculation what is the Broadcast-IP of a Subnet

When they ask
“There is subnet 172.16.64.0/20. What is the BROADCAST ADDRESS of that Subnet, dude?”

1. Step

/20 meens 255.255.240.0

2. Step

Now analyze the Subnet Oktett to find out the “network-jumps”

240 means 11110000

The LAST of the 1s is under decimal 16. That are our “network jumps”
(128/64/32/16/8/4/2/1)
3. Step

Write down the network-jumps

172.16.64.0 - 172.16.79.255
+16 172.16.80.0 - 172.16.95.255
+16 172.16.96.0 - 172.16.111.255
+16 172.16.112.0 - 172.16.127.255

Because the NEXT Subnet in the example is 172.16.80.0, the broadcast must be 172.16.79.255, cause THAT is the IP BEFORE the next Subnet starts = the BroadcastAddress.

————————

Other example of Broadcast-IP calculation:

If it would be 172.16.64.0 /26

Same procedure

/26 means 255.255.255.192

192 is binary 11000000
The LAST 1 stands under the 64. That are in that example our “net-jumps”.

172.16.64.0 - 172.16.64.63 <<<in this example THIS is the broadcastaddress of first subnet
172.16.64.64 - 172.16.64.127
172.16.64.128 - 172.16.64.191

———————————————————————

Calculating first and last possible IP for a Host

You have Network 192.168.20.32 /27
The very first IP is reserved for Default Gateway!
What is the first and last valid IP for a Host-PC?

1.Step

/27 is 255.255.255.224

2.Step

224 means 11100000

The LAST 1 is under the 32. That are our “network-jumps” in this example
(128/64/32/16/8/4/2/1)

Valid IPs in that subnet:
192.168.20.33 - 192.168.20.62
(192.168.20.63 is NOT useable, this is the very last IP and so the BROADCAST-IP).
192.168.20.64 <<<this is the network-IP of the NEXT Subnet!

So, because the very first IP is reserved for Default Gateway, our first Host-PC IP would be
192.168.20.34
The very last Host-PC IP would be
192.168.20.62

###################################################################

Here some examples of real exam questions, and step by step solutions:

Given that you have a class B IP address network range, which of the subnet masks
below will allow for 100 subnets with 500 usable host addresses per subnet?
A. 255.255.0.0
B. 255.255.224.0
C. 255.255.254.0
D. 255.255.255.0
E. 255.255.255.224

Solution:

Allways the same game… Like in 5 minute course..

Power of 2 that is minimum 500?
2^7=128
2^8=256
2^9=512 >>voila!

Now - put the last 9 Bits of your Subnetmask to “0″

11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000

That is in decimal
255.255.254.0

Some cisco test

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in Cisco, PASS4SIDE by

1. After configuring a Cisco WAAS deployment using WCCPv2, you find that you can successfully ping a data center server from a workstation in the branch office. However, when you attempt to start one of the optimized applications, the application cannot communicate with the server. What is the most likely cause?
A. There is insufficient disk space on either the edge or core WAE.
B. You configured half-duplex mode on the WAE interfaces.
C. You configured autonegotiate duplex mode on the WAE interfaces.
D. You deployed the WAE on the same subnet as the users or servers.
Answer: D
2. When implementing Windows authentication for WAE management, what is the maximum allowable time skew between each WAE and the Windows domain controller?
A. 1 second
B. 5 seconds
C. 120 seconds
D. 300 seconds
Answer: D
3. Your customer plans to implement Cisco WAAS using four WAE appliances in a load-balanced configuration. Which feature must be supported on the switches to which the WAE appliances are attached?
A. redirect exclusion
B. Layer 2 redirection
C. WCCPv2
D. WCCPv2 or PBR
Answer: C
4. Your customer has deployed Cisco WAAS using ACE for traffic interception. The customer reports that traffic is not being optimized. Which command would you use to troubleshoot network interception?
A. WAE-CORE# show wccp routers
B. WAE-CORE# show ip access-lists
C. ACE/Admin# show wccp routers
D. ACE/Admin# show rserver detail
E. router# show wccp services
Answer: D
5. Your customer reports that traffic has never been received by the remote device after deploying Cisco WAAS using WCCPv2 in an off-path configuration. Which two parameters should you verify? (Choose two.)
A. IP SLAs
B. WAE subnet
C. router IP address
D. routing configuration
E. service group redirection
Answer: BE
6. You have configured a Central Manager WAE cluster for your customer. After a technician accidentally unplugs the power cord from the primary Central Manager WAE, the network administrator calls you to complain that the standby Central Manager WAE did not automatically assume the primary role. What should you tell this administrator?
A. You must manually initiate failover and fallback processes on the WAE.
B. You should verify that the datafeed.pollrate setting is configured properly.
C. You must manually copy the Central Manager database to the standby Central Manager WAE.
D. You should make sure the two Central Manager WAE appliances are on the same subnet.
Answer: A
7. When must WCCPv2 redirect exclusion be configured on the routers?
A. when redirect in is used on any interface
B. when redirect in is used on the LAN interface only
C. when redirect in is used on the WAN interface only
D. when redirect out is used on any interface
E. when redirect out is used on the LAN interface only
F. when redirect out is used on the WAN interface only
Answer: D
8. How many IP addresses are required for an in-line card in a redundant, serially clustered configuration?
A. none
B. one
C. two
D. four
Answer: A
9. Which two symptoms would you expect to observe in a TCP trace if a Cisco WAE that was optimizing connections fails? (Choose two.)
A. The receiving node receives TCP segments with invalid sequence numbers and resets the connection.
B. The secondary WAE takes over the connection and the receiving node sees nothing.
C. The receiving node continues normally because it has a session to the originating node.
D. All optimized TCP connections handled by that WAE are reset.
E. All optimized TCP connections are taken over by the receiving node.
Answer: AD
10. How can you verify that the WAE has joined a Microsoft Windows domain correctly?
A. Execute the show windows-domain command on the WAE.
B. Click the Show Authentication Status button in Central Manager.
C. Use the Windows nbtstat command.
D. Use the Windows netstat command.
Answer: B
11. In a Cisco WAAS deployment, what should you check first if your customer is reporting poor performance across all optimized applications?
A. Verify that full duplex is configured on all interfaces.
B. Verify that only one Central Manager WAE is set to active.
C. Verify that PBR has a route map for each direction of traffic flow.
D. Verify that WCCP is configured with one service group in the path of each direction of traffic flow.
Answer: A
12. Your customer is using firewalls. What must be permitted to pass through firewalls in order to allow WAE autodiscovery?
A. TCP SYN-ACK with data
B. TCPoptions
C. TCP port 139
D. TCP port 445
Answer: B
13. Your customer has configured each Cisco WAE to belong to multiple device groups for monitoring purposes. However, the customer wants to ensure that the policies are applied to the device from one specific device group. What should you do?
A. You should configure an explicit policy device group.
B. You should configure the other device groups as monitoring-only.
C. You should rejoin the WAE to the desired device group.
D. You must remove the WAE from all other device groups.
Answer: A
14. How do you access the WAE Central Manager GUI?
A. http://(ip_addr_of_WAE)
B. https://(ip_addr_of_WAE):443
C. https://(ip_addr_of_WAE):8080
D. https://(ip_addr_of_WAE):8443
Answer: D
15. How many baseline device groups can be configured for the acceleration feature set?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. as many as needed
Answer: A

Heat builds up as Wen takes a tour

Posted on August 4th, 2008 in Beijing 2008, China, News by

Premier Wen Jiabao shoots a basketball during a trip to the Beijing Olympic Basketball Gymnasium, August 3, 2008. (Xinhua)

Premier Wen Jiabao (R) receives a basketball signed by all the players of the Chinese men’s basketball team from China’s center Yao Ming during a trip to the Beijing Olympic Basketball Gymnasium, August 3, 2008. (Xinhua)

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao plays pingpang with a local resident in the Dajing neighborhood of the Fengtai District during his inspection tour on August, 3, 2008. (Xinhua Photo)

Blue skies smiled over Beijing for the fourth day in a row and excitement filled its air Sunday as Premier Wen Jiabao promised a clean, green and beautiful city during and after the Olympic Games.

A day earlier, International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge cleared another “layer of haze” by praising the Beijing Games organizers for their work and labeling the Olympic Village the “best ever”.

Premier Wen visited athletes and met with volunteers and utility workers five days before the Games. Thanks to the efforts of the entire society, the Beijing Olympics will satisfy the athletes, officials and the spectators at home and abroad, he said.

“China is a responsible country. We will fulfill the promises we made for the Olympics. We will not only host a quality and unique Games, but also build a more scenic, greener and more civilized city in a sustainable manner.”

Wen and senior officials of the Beijing Olympic organizing committee (BOCOG), Liu Qi, Liu Yandong and Guo Jinlong, visited the Beijing Olympic Basketball Gymnasium, where the Chinese men’s team was training.

Wen shook hands with the players and coaches, including NBA star Yao Ming, who has recovered fully from his left foot injury. “Are you feeling well? Is your foot okay?” Wen said. Yao replied that he was fine.

“I loved playing basketball when I was a kid,” the premier said. “It’s still my favorite game.” And then he joined the players to shoot hoops.

The Chinese hoopsters will take on the mighty Americans in their first game on Aug 10. “Your first game will attract great attention,” Wen said. “You need confidence and win or lose, it’s important to have the sporting spirit.”

Wen signed the basketball with which he went for the hoops, and the team presented him with one signed by all the players. The premier encouraged the volunteers at the stadium to serve “in a careful and serious manner with a strong sense of responsibility”.

With the sun shining brightly and the premier going about town visiting Olympic venues, officials dismissed fears over rescheduling endurance events because the level of pollution has gone down drastically.

Though the average air pollution index rose to 35 yesterday from Saturday’s 34, it was still “excellent”. The Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) has said a pollution reading below 50 is “excellent”, from 51 to 100 is “fairly good”.

From the data gathered over the past few days, “I believe the chance of rescheduling any event because of air quality is very low,” Fan Yuansheng, director of MEP’s pollution control, said.

“Excellent” air quality has been recorded on all the three days of this month. And overall, Beijing has had 152 “blue skies” or days with fairly good air quality.

Fan attributed the improvement in air quality to the emission control measures. “If environmental departments foresee serious air pollution during the Olympics, Beijing and neighboring areas will close more factories temporarily and pull more cars off the roads,” he said.

Government vehicles have been told to stay off the roads one day a week in the latest clean air initiative.

On the Games organizational front, Jacques Rogge credited Beijing for its work and providing the best possible facilities for athletes and officials. “It’s a totally different ball game (from the Athens Games),” he said on Saturday, reminding journalists that media headlines a week before the 2004 Olympics were on the delay in the completion of venues and the lack of organization.

“Today we have absolutely no concerns for the organization,” he told journalists at the Main Press Center as fireworks of the Games’ opening ceremony rehearsals lighted up the sky around the National Stadium.

“I am sure that on the 9th of August, the day after the Opening Ceremony, the magic of the Games and the flawless organization will take over,” the IOC president said, addressing his first conference in Beijing in the run-up to the Games.

He talked on many subjects, from media freedom, doping, the lifting of the ban on Iraqi athletes, and China’s rise in sports and athlete’s freedom of expression.

Praising the Olympic Village, he said: “I have had the privilege of staying in Olympic villages since the 1968 Mexico Games, and I have never seen a village like this. It is outstanding.”